#2 Benjamin List

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Ben­ja­min List re­cei­ved the Nobel Prize in Che­mi­stry tog­e­ther with Ber­ke­ley-based re­se­ar­cher David Mc­Mil­lan in 2021. He was awarded the prize for his de­ve­lop­ment of asym­metric or­ga­no­ca­ta­ly­sis, a new tech­ni­que that can be used in the de­ve­lop­ment of drugs and che­mi­cal pro­duc­ts. Ca­ta­lysts are able to break and forge new che­mi­cal bonds without being changed by the re­ac­tion them­sel­ves. Classic examp­les of ca­ta­lysts are pro­te­ins as well as metal com­pounds. List was working on the amino acid proline and de­mons­tra­ted that it could very easily be used as a ca­ta­lyst, po­ten­ti­al­ly of­fe­ring huge be­ne­fits for the phar­maceu­ti­cal in­dus­try. As proline is an organic ca­ta­lyst, it is far more en­vi­ron­ment­al­ly sustainab­le than the metal com­pounds that are nor­mal­ly used for ca­ta­ly­tic pro­ces­ses. His dis­co­very has the­re­fo­re played a crucial role in ad­van­cing green che­mi­stry.

List studied at Freie Uni­ver­si­tät Berlin and com­ple­ted his PhD in Frank­furt. He has been di­rec­tor of the Max-Planck-In­sti­tut für Koh­len­for­schung in Mühl­heim (an in­sti­tu­te re­se­ar­ching all fields of ca­ta­ly­sis) since 2003. He gave this re­cor­ded lecture (be­gin­ning at 7 minutes 10 seconds) at TU Dort­mund on Fe­bru­a­ry 8, 2023, just over a year after being awarded the Nobel Prize. Ben­ja­min List’s en­thu­si­asm for his spe­cia­list field—ca­ta­ly­sis re­se­arch—will no doubt have left an im­pres­si­on on the au­di­ence lis­ten­ing in the austere Dort­mund lecture hall. As we hear, ca­ta­ly­sis is for List “the most be­au­ti­ful” re­se­arch area in the entire field of che­mi­stry because it has “magical” qua­li­ties. Ca­ta­ly­sis allows us to come “as close as pos­si­ble to sorcery” because it breaks che­mi­cal bonds and forms new ones without the ca­ta­lyst being con­su­med. We are told that ca­ta­ly­sis is a uni­ver­sal princip­le con­nec­ted to pho­to­syn­the­sis and its use in count­less ap­p­li­ca­ti­ons, such as food se­cu­ri­ty, trans­por­ta­ti­on, and the pro­duc­tion of syn­the­tic ma­te­ri­als, testi­fies to its im­por­t­an­ce. That is why List de­scri­bes ca­ta­ly­sis as one of “hu­man­kind’s most im­portant cul­tu­ral achie­ve­ments.” And with passion and humor, he out­lines how he himself has si­gni­fi­cant­ly ad­van­ced the de­ve­lop­ment of ca­ta­ly­sis.

Thanks to his work, it is now pos­si­ble to carry out organic ca­ta­ly­sis using an amino acid that is both en­vi­ron­ment­al­ly fri­end­ly and ef­fi­ci­ent. Johan Äqvist, Chair of the Nobel Com­mit­tee for Che­mi­stry, de­scri­bed List’s model as being “as simple as it is in­ge­nious.” In Ben­ja­min List’s Dort­mund lecture, we find out what organic ca­ta­ly­sis can do and where it might take us. The key message is that, when used in the right way, che­mi­stry can be green, as List so com­pel­lin­gly de­mons­tra­tes.

Peter-André Alt

Date Fe­bru­a­ry 8, 2023
Length 40 mins (lecture begins around 7 min 10 sec)
Title, series Ca­ta­ly­sis for a better world, “In­iti­al­zün­dung” lecture series at TU Dort­mund
Lan­guage German 
Video TU Dort­mund Uni­ver­si­ty